Bird Sneezing and Nasal Discharge — Causes & Treatment

A bird that sneezes repeatedly or has wet, crusty, or colored discharge from the nares likely has a respiratory infection, bacterial sinusitis, or exposure to an airborne irritant. Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) — transmissible to humans — must always be ruled out.

## Normal vs. Abnormal Sneezing in Birds

Occasional sneezing (1–3 times per day) to clear dust from the nares is normal. Persistent, repetitive sneezing — especially with discharge — is not.

## Causes of Persistent Sneezing

Bacterial Sinusitis
Bacterial infection of the nasal sinuses produces thick, colored discharge. The sinuses in birds are interconnected with the eye socket, so sinusitis may also cause periorbital swelling.

Chlamydiosis (Psittacosis) — Zoonotic Risk
Chlamydia psittaci causes respiratory and systemic disease in birds and can be transmitted to humans, causing a flu-like illness or severe pneumonia. Any bird with chronic nasal discharge should be tested.

Aspergillosis
Fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract produces nasal discharge, sneezing, and voice changes.

Household Irritants
Cigarette smoke, scented candles, perfumes, aerosol sprays, cooking fumes, and non-stick pan fumes (PTFE) are leading non-infectious causes of sneezing in birds.

## What to Look For in the Nasal Discharge

- Clear and watery: irritant or mild
- Yellow or green: bacterial infection likely
- Brown or blood-tinged: fungal infection or trauma
- Crusty around nares: chronic infection

## Home Environment Checklist

Remove all aerosols, air fresheners, and scented products from rooms where the bird lives. Ensure good ventilation. Never use non-stick cookware in a kitchen shared with birds.