What vaccinations does my rabbit need and what is the schedule?

Rabbits in Italy and across Europe require vaccination against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2) and myxomatosis — both vaccines require annual boosters and the schedule should begin from 5–6 weeks of age.

These two diseases are fatal in unvaccinated rabbits and have no effective treatment once clinical signs develop. Vaccination is the only reliable protection.

RHDV2 (Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus type 2)
A calicivirus causing rapid internal bleeding and liver destruction. Death occurs within 12–36 hours of symptom onset — many rabbits die overnight with no prior signs. The virus survives in the environment for months and can be carried on clothing, shoes, and insects. Indoor rabbits are not protected from environmental exposure.

Available vaccines in Italy: Filavac VHD K C+V (covers both RHDV1 and RHDV2), Eravac (RHDV2-specific).

Myxomatosis
A poxvirus spread by biting insects (fleas, mosquitoes, mites). Causes severe facial swelling, eye discharge, skin tumors, and respiratory failure. Mortality in unvaccinated rabbits approaches 99% for the classic form.

Vaccination schedule
- First vaccination: from 5–6 weeks of age (myxomatosis and RHDV2 can often be given simultaneously with combination vaccines; check product-specific instructions)
- Annual booster: every 12 months for both diseases
- High-risk areas or outdoor rabbits: some vets recommend RHDV2 boosters every 6 months

Post-vaccination monitoring
Normal reactions: mild lethargy and reduced appetite for 24–48 hours, small lump at injection site that resolves within 2 weeks.
Seek veterinary advice if: swelling at injection site exceeds 2 cm, persists beyond 3 weeks, or your rabbit has a fever or severe lethargy beyond 48 hours.

Indoor rabbits — still at risk
RHDV2 can enter the home on shoes, clothing, or fresh wild plants. Insects carry myxomatosis through windows and vents. Vaccination is recommended for all rabbits regardless of lifestyle.

Never miss a booster again. Add your rabbit's vaccinations to Flovvi and receive alerts before each due date. Your rabbit's entire health history lives in one place.